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The Five Laws of Strength Training For Junior Players by Alton Skinner
Junior players should treat their bodies like an athlete treats their body. Playing
tennis for a bit of fresh
air is fun, but for serious players, it can be draining due to the mental
focus, skill, and
conditioning required to ensure victory at each point. Training for tennis
tournaments is not
easy either. It is grueling and mind numbing. At the highest levels tennis
forces you to train
like an elite athlete, pushing your threshold of both physical and mental
fatigue.
While it is not yet the norm for tennis players to follow a specialized training
program, it
will become so. It is inevitable since it is part of the quest to become
number one in most
sports. I feel the best time to begin to introduce this concept of training
for tennis is at the
junior level. By introducing this new generation to conditioning
for tennis, we
will see the development of stronger, faster, more
injury resistant,
and healthier tennis players than ever before. Not only at the junior level but over the
course of their
lifetime.
Why Training is Necessary
The available information on junior tennis conditioning is thin at
best. Junior players' needs
are different than those of adult players. Junior athletes are not little
adults. When you
consider the difference between young players and adult players, in size,
physical abilities, and
psychological characteristics, you must organize the training experiences
differently. As
junior tennis becomes more popular and as a consequence more competitive, it is
important
to prepare our athletes for the rigors of competition and the rigors of life.
What I plan to
do is lay out a step by step plan for the junior athlete. This plan will provide
exact guidelines
for nutrition, injury prevention, skill improvement, and how to prepare for the
big tournament.
Each day is laid out for you so nothing is left to chance. Each day you will
take consistent
actions that will create a winning junior player. This program comes as
close to
guaranteeing your success as any self help program can. It lays out a
comprehensive,
understandable plan and model for you to follow as you develop your skills
and become a
seasoned athlete.
If, however, you're still unsure of a technique, call or e-mail me. I have a
responsibility to my
readers and I intend to meet it. My phone number is listed at the end of this column and I
answer my own phone. If you want clarification, ask me. If I think you need
more
extensive consulting assistance, I'll tell you. Fair enough?
As a tennis player you have not had access to the powerful training techniques
used for
years by football, baseball, basketball, track and field and all the other
major and Olympic
sports to enhance performance. As a result you are
not getting the
most out of your abilities. The same principles of training that help Michael
Jordan excel at
basketball or help Mark Maguire hit 70 home runs will boost your performance
on and off
the court. You can experience harder serves consistently, you can play
better in the heat, you will find you energy level remains consistently high
thoroughout a tournament. You can play better and better
every day, every
week, and every year. You can develop the type of habits that will
improve you chance
of success at the junior, collegiate, and the professional ranks. These
same habits of
planning and action will help you become more successful in adulthood.
Any training program should apply the five basic laws of training to
ensure
improvement and keeping athletes free of injury. This is especially important
for the young
player.
Law Number One: Develop Joint Flexibility
Most strength training exercises use the entire range of motion of major
joints,
especially the knees, ankles, and hips. Good joint flexibility prevents
strain and pain
around the knees, elbows and other joints. Ankle flexibility should be a
concern for all
athletes, especially beginners. Good flexibility prevents stress injuries.
You must start
developing ankle flexibility during prepubescence and pubescence so that in
latter stages
of athletic development it need only be maintained.
Law Number Two: Develop Tendon Strength
Your muscle strength improves faster than tendon and ligament strength.
Sometimes lack of a long term view or improper use of the principle of
specificity cause
coaches and trainers to overlook the strengthening of ligaments. Tendons and
ligaments
grow with anatomical adaptation. Without proper anatomical adaptation,
strength training
can injure the tendons and ligaments. Training your tendons and ligaments
causes them to
enlarge in diameter and increases their ability to withstand tension and tearing.
Law Number Three: Develop the Core
Your arms and legs are only as strong as the trunk of your body. A poorly
developed trunk is a weak support for your hard working limbs. Your training
program
must first strengthen your core before focusing on your arms and legs. Your
core acts as
a shock absorber for jumps, rebounds, and plyometric exercises. The core
stabilizes your
body and acts as a link between arms and legs. Weak core muscles fail, and
limit your
ability to perform to your highest level. You must pay more attention to your
core if you
hope to reach your tennis goals.
Abdominal Muscles. Your abdominal and back muscles surround the core of
the
body with a tight and powerful support structure of muscle bundles running in
different
directions. Since many players have weak abdominals relative to their back,
general and
specific abdominal training is needed.
Back Muscles. Your back muscles, including the deep back muscles of the
vertebral column, are responsible for many movements such as back extension,
extending
and rotating the trunk. Your trunk acts as the transmitter and supporter of
most arm and
leg actions.
The Iliopsoas. The iliopsoas is an essential muscle for hip flexion and
running. It
is not a large muscle, it is the most powerful hip flexor, responsible for
swinging the legs
forward. Tennis requires a well developed iliopsoas.
Law Number Four: Develop the Stabilizers
Your big muscles work more efficiently with strong stabilizers or fixator
muscles.
Stabilizers contract to immobilize a limb so that another part of your body
can act.
Improperly developed stabilizers may hamper the activity of your major
muscles leading to
reduced power and a risk of increased injury. Unfortunately, few coaches
take the time to
develop the stabilizers. Time should be set aside at the beginning and end
of the year for
stabilizer training. Your core muscles, rotators, and stabilizers should be
developed using
a long term progression. A casual approach to this area will do a disservice
to a serious
tennis athlete.
Law Five: Train Movements, Not Individual Muscles
Players must resist training muscles in isolation as if you are a body
builder. The
purpose of strength training for tennis is to simulate sport skills. Tennis
skills are multijoint
movements that happen in a certain order, called a kinetic chain. According
to the
principle of specificity, your body position and limb angles should resemble
those for the
tennis stroke. When you train movements, your muscles are integrated and
strengthened to
perform the tennis stroke with more power. Therefore, tennis players should not use
weight
training alone, but should broaden their training program to include medicine
balls, rubber
cords, shots and plyometric equipment. Exercise performed with these devices
allow you
to mimic the tennis stroke more easily.
By following the techniques in this article, you will succeed, like the
thousands of
others using them, in becoming the best athlete you can.
To be sure, there are costs involved in this process. It takes time and
dedication to
stretch each day, to consume a proper diet, to lifts weight to increase your
power and
reduce the risk of injury. But in the final analysis, there is nothing so
potent
realizing your full potential in order to carry yourself like a champion athlete, and to
feel the power
and strength of your body and your mind. It will all be worth it if it allows you someday to stand there holding a
championship trophy
or sign a letter of intent to a major college as your friends and family
watch you proudly
and praise your for doing your best. Let's get started!
If you are a weekend tennis player, a competitive amateur, or professional player,
Alton Skinner,
a Raleigh, North Carolina athletic performance and nutrition specialist, can
help you create
a conditioning and nutrition program that adds endurance, reduces painful
injuries, and reshapes your body so you can win more tournaments and play
your best
tennis all the time. Work with him directly or follow the guidelines in a
personalized
Tournament Player's Performance Plan, a complete plan designed just for you
based
on your playing schedule and current body condition, to maximize your
performance
when it matters most to you. More information is available by calling
919-501-5677.
Mention that you read this article at www.tennisserver.com and receive a
FREE year's
subscription to Alton's quarterly conditioning and nutrition guide,
Accelerated Golf and Tennis, a
$40 value.
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